Ice cream maker
Ice Cream Maker
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An ice cream maker is a kitchen machine used to make small quantities of ice cream for personal consumption. Ice cream makers may prepare the mixture using either a hand-cranking method or an electric motor. The resulting product is often chilled by pre-cooling the machine or by using a built-in freezing mechanism.
An ice cream maker must simultaneously freeze the mixture while churning it to aerate the mixture and keep the ice crystals small (less than 50 μm).[1] As a result, most ice creams are ready to consume immediately. However, those containing alcohol may need to be chilled further to achieve a firm consistency.
History
[edit]
In around 1832, Augustus Jackson gained recognition for developing multiple ice cream recipes and pioneering a superior ice cream preparation method using salt to lower the freezing point of ice.[2]
In 1843, Nancy Maria Donaldson Johnson of Philadelphia received the first U.S. patent for a small-scale hand-cranked ice cream freezer.[3] The device featured a pewter cylinder surrounded by ice and salt to maintain freezing temperatures.[4]
Dubbed the "Queen of Ices," Victorian culinary entrepreneur Agnes Marshall was granted a patent in 1885 for a machine that could freeze a pint of ice cream in just five minutes.[5][6]
Process
[edit]Ice cream makers function by simultaneously freezing and churning the mixture. This dual action incorporates air (aeration) and prevents the formation of large ice crystals, resulting in a smooth texture.[1] Some machines, especially basic countertop models, may require the user to pre-freeze a bowl or further freeze the churned mixture before consumption.
Models
[edit]Hand-cranked machines
[edit]
Nancy Johnson's 1843 design was later mass-produced by William Young in 1848 under the name "Johnson Patent Ice-Cream Freezer."[7][8]
These machines typically use an ice and salt mixture to create the low temperatures necessary for freezing and require manual cranking throughout the process.
Electric machines
[edit]Modern electric ice cream makers automate the churning process and often include built-in freezing capabilities. Some require the mixing bowl to be pre-frozen, while others use compressors to maintain a consistent freezing environment.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Ice in ice cream: A friend and an enemy!". Dream Scoops. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
- ^ Johnson, George D. (2011). Profiles In Hue. Xlibris Corporation. p. 62. ISBN 9781456851200.
- ^ Chris Clarke (2012). The Science of Ice Cream. Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 7–. ISBN 978-1-84973-127-0.
- ^ Mary Ellen Snodgrass (29 December 2004). Encyclopedia of Kitchen History. Routledge. pp. 504–. ISBN 978-1-135-45572-9.
- ^ "Agnes Marshall". Penguin UK. Retrieved 2020-02-24.
- ^ "Rachel Cooke: my ice-cream obsession". The Guardian. 16 October 2017.
- ^ Johnson, Nancy (9 Sep 1843). "Artificial Freezer Patent" (PDF). Google Patents.
- ^ Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2004-12-29). Encyclopedia of Kitchen History. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-45572-9.